ABSTRACT
In this study, the effects of antibacterial activity of Urtica dioica and Iris pseudacorus essential oils, native plant northern of Iran, were investigated for some selected bacteria. The influence of essential oils was tested by the using of disk diffusion and micro-broth dilution methods against standard strains of the picked out bacteria. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy [GC/MS] analysis, bioactivity determination, Minimum inhibitory concentrations [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC] of essential oils were utilized for this goal. This study showed that, Inhibition zone diameter varied from 11 to 19 mm and 9 to 17 mm for Urtica dioica and Iris pseudacorus respectively. In contrast, this figure fluctuated from 19 to 28 mm and 7 to 17 mm for gentamicin and ampicillin separately. By the application of micro-broth dilution technique, MICs for 1% essential oils were 1.8-7.5 micro g/ml and 3.75-15 micro g/ml for, Urtica dioica and Iris pseudacorus against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria individually. Furthermore, the MBCs of herbal essences were 1.8-15 micro g/ml for, Urtica dioica and 15-30 micro g/ml for Iris. The application of essential oils for the bio-control of diseases, as a novel emerging alternative to antimicrobial treatments, lead to safer and more environmental management for infective diseases
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of essential oil of Satureja khuzestanica against Listeria monocytogenes [PTCC1295] and strains isolated from breast milk show that. In this descriptive-analytic study, Essence of leave's plant was extracted and identified its compounds and then carvacrol was isolated. Antibacterial activities were examined by agar dilution method against L. monocytogenes. Minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bacterial concentration [MBC] were carried out by micro dilution method. Then bacterial suspension injected the BALB/c mice. Forty-eight h after seeing the listeriosis disease signs were started the treatment. Ampicillin [10 micro g/disc] and trimethoprim [5 g] were used as controls. The results showed that the inhibitory zone diameter standard and essential oils for strains isolated species were respectively 59 and 50 mm. This amount was determined by carvacrol, respectively, 60 and 48 mm. Inhibition zone diameter measurements for standard strains of ampicillin and trimethoprim tedious strains, respectively, 21, 40, 18 and 33 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of essential oils, carvacrol and ampicillin than standard strains, respectively 1.56, 1.56 and 155x10[-8] micro g/mL and MBC 3.125, 3.125 and 125x10[-7] micro g/mL was determined by the ratio of the strain 3.125, 3.125 and 0.0062 micro g/mL and MBC was 6.25, 6.25 and 0.025 micro g/mL. This study showed that bacterial cleansing properties of essential oil of this plant have a strong and effective combination that is carvacrol
ABSTRACT
Objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in Anzali city for the first time. 200 persons selected randomely and demographic data gathered. HSV-1, 2 and HSV-2 ELISA kits used to determine IgG type specific antibodies. HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG antibodies were positive in 131 [65.5%] and 7[3.5%] subjects. HSV-1 Was more prevalent than HSV-2 and seropositivity increased with age.
ABSTRACT
Trichomoniasis is a worldwide sexually transmitted disease [STD], and is associated with important public health problems, including enhancement of HIV transmission. The prevalence of the parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis, depends on host factors such as age, sexual activity, number of sexual partners and sexual behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of trichomoniasis in high-risk behavior women, such as drug addicts and those who had multiple sexual partners, attending Gynecology Clinics in penitentiaries of Tehran province to help gynecologists with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Samples of posterior vaginal fornix discharges and urines of 450 women attending Gynecology Clinics of three prisons in Tehran province were collected. All samples were examined by direct smear and cultured in TYI-S-33 culture media. 10.2% of subjects were positive for trichomoniasis. 82.7% of infected patients were symptomatic individuals who complained of vaginal discharge and itching and/or burning sensation. Most of the infected women in the high risk behavior group were drug users [54.3%]. Physical examination showed that 50% of T. vaginalis positive subjects had a normal appearance of vagina and cervix. The peak prevalence [32.8%] of the disease occurred in the age range of 31-40 years. T. vaginalis infection is commonly associated with other STDs, and is a marker of high-risk sexual behavior. Due to the side effects of the drugs used to treat the infection, it is suggested that the treatment be performed after definite diagnosis using a diagnostic method with a higher sensitivity
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Prevalence , Prisoners , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Trichomonas vaginalis , Risk Factors , Sexual Behavior , Age Factors , Drug Users , Sexual PartnersABSTRACT
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide infection which is commonly asymptomatic but can cause serious medical problems in immunocompromised individuals and fetus. The infection also causes considerable economic loss because of abortion in livestock, mostly in sheep and goats. DNA vaccination may be a powerful approach against intracellular parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to construct and evaluate the functionality of an eukaryotic expression plasmid pRC/CMV-GRA2, harboring dense granule antigen-2 [GRA2] gene of T. gondii and to perform preliminary studies on its immunogenicity in a mouse model. The GRA2 complete cDNA was inserted in PCR2.1 plasmid, sequenced, then cut and inserted in pRC/CMV plasmid, to produce the recombinant plasmid pRC/CMV-GRA2 [pGRA2]. To verify that the plasmid construct pGRA2 was capable of expressing GRA2 in mammalian cells, it was transfected into 293-T cells, an embryonic kidney cell line. Western-blot analysis of the transfected cells using a monoclonal antibody specific for GRA2 indicated specific expression of GRA2 protein. CBA/J mice were subcutaneously immunized three times with 100 micro g of pGRA2 plasmid. The obtained sera recognized GRA2 that is shown by Western-blotting. These findings indicate that pGRA2 plasmid directs high-level expression of antigenic GRA2 protein in mammalian cells and is immunogenic in CBA/J mice
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , DNA , Plasmids , Vaccines, DNA , Gene ExpressionABSTRACT
Following an outbreak of fascioliasis in Anzali Harbor in 1988, 452 blood samples were collected using a multistage sampling method for hematological and serological studies. After determination of eosinophilia in the samples, antifasciolia antibodies in the sera were also determined using enzyme linked immuno sorbant assay [ELISA] and counter-current immuno electrophoresis [CCIE]. 64.2% of the samples were collected from women and omitting the age effect and P<0.05, the rate of infection was 1.16 times more in women than in men as shown by hypereosinophilia and ELISA test results. Age distribution of seropositivity in both sexes with p<0.00l was statistically significant and the highest rate of seropositivity was seen among the below 20 age group in both sexes. The highest expected rate of seropositivity [24.12] was observed in location six [Taleghan area], but an average and more uniform distribution was seen in other locations. 50% of the samples using ELISA techniques and 34.95% using CCIE were positive indicating that point prevalence of the disease was in Anzali Harbor. It must be noted that all antibody positive samples showed hypereosinophilia as well and that ELISA technique was 52.6% more sensitive compared to CCIE. Of the 50% antibody positive cases, 13.7% had only IgG, 26.5% both IgG and 1gM and 37.6% only 1gM showing the chronic, subacute and acute condition of the disease respectively. The remaining 22% of the cases were IgA positive. In this investigation an incidence rate of 19% was obtained using ELISA technique which was indicative of a fasciolia epidemic in the region